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July 5, 1932. c. M. F. FRIDEN I CALCULATING MACHINE Filed June 29, 1927 4 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTUH Car l M. E Pride/1 7* ho ATTORNEYS July 1932- c. M. F. FRIDEN CALCULATING MACHINE 4Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June 29, 1927 till!!! lii'ililliiil!!! July 5, 1932. c. M. F. FRIDEN CALCULATING MACHINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed June 29. 1927 mm MS INVENTOH 8, Car M I: Friden MO ZJV ATTORNEYS N I m H .m

July 5, 1932. c, M. F. FRIDEN CALCULATING MACHINE Filed June 29, 1 2 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 I N V E II TUH Friden V g A 7 70M! rs Carl M- 5. BY

' Patented July '5, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CARL I. I. FRIDEN, OI OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR '10 MARCHANT CALCULAT- ING MACHINE COMPANY, OF EMERYVILLE, CALIFORNIA, A CORPORATION OF curronnm CALCULATING MACHINE Application filed June 29, 1927. Serial No. 202,208.

The invention relates to calculating machines and particularly calculatin machines into which values are introduced -y the depression of ke s.

I An object the invention is to provide a vide means for directly and positively locking the keys so that the application of exertive pressure thereto will not serve to introduce errors into the machine.

Another object of the invention is to provide means for simultaneously locking the keys and locking the selecting elements of the actuator upon the initial movement of the operating mechanism.

The mvention' possesses other advantageous features some of which with the forego- ?,companying and forming a art of the resing, will be set forth at length in the fol: lowing description, where I shall outline in full that form of the invention which I have selected for illustration in the drawings acent specification. In said rawings, I ave shown one form of calculatin machine embodyin my invention, but it is to be understood at I do not limit myself to such form since the invention as set forth in the claims,

. ma be embodied in a lurality of forms.

e invention is app icable to a calculating machine into which values are introduced by the depression of keys. The values are introduced into a reversible rotary actuator and upon rotation of the actuator, in either direction, the introduced values are trans;

mitted to the. counting mechanism. An suitable form of actuator may be employ and in the present instance, Iihave shown an actuator constructed in accordance with um disclosure contained in my United States Letters Patent Number 1,476,197 issued to me on December 4,1923. This actuator comprises a series of selecting elements, ordinal registration 1 members and tens carrying members. The values are introduced into the machineby moving the selecting members to adjusted position and, upon rotation of the actuator, these selecting members cause the ordinal registration members to rotate the numeral wheels of the counting mechanism to an extent depending upon the setting of the selecting members.

In calculating machine's adapted to perform the four rules calculations, and into which the values are introduced by the deressions of keys, it is desirable, when perorming problems in multiplication and division, that the depressed keys be held locked in depressed position and, whenperforming problems'in addition and subtraction, that the depressed keys be released during the cycle of operation of the machine, thus clearing the keyboard, so that it is in condition to receive the next figure to be introduced into the-machine. It is also desirable to look all of the keys against depression during the time that the operating mechanism is out of full cycle osition so that a key may not be accidental y depressed, thereby introducing an error into the machine. For the purpose of illustration, I have shown the invention embodied in a hand operated machine, which is arranged to be driven by the rotation of a hand crank, but it is to be understood that the invention is equally well applicable to a motor driven calculating machine, it being immaterial, in so far as the invention is concerned, what source of motive power is empkiyed for driving the machine.

eferring to said drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical, section through a calculating ma: chine embodying my invention.

Fi ure 2 is a vertical section throu h the calcu ating machine, taken in a di erent plane, and showing the means operated by I the depression of a clearance key, for releasing the depressed keys of the keyboard.

igure 3 is a vertical section of the machine, taken on a difierent'plane, showing the ke locking means arranged in operative position, by the setting of the machine to perform problems in multiplication and divis1on.

Figure 4 is a section through a portion of the machine, shown in Figure 3 showing the key locking means in inoperative posltion when the machine is set to perform problems in addition and subtraction.

Figure 5 is a vertical section through the machine showing the means for introducing values into the actuator and the'means for locking the selecting elements in adjusted position. I

Figure 6 is a perspective view of the rocking plate which serves to lock the keys against movement.

The calculating machine shown in the drawings (Fig. 5) comprises a plurality of rows of numeral keys 12, which are depressed to introduce values into the machine. The stems 13 of the keys 12 are associated with the duplex lever 1415, the free end of which is connected to the bell crank lever 16 which is provided on its other end with an arcuate rack 17 which engages a pinion secured to the selecting element 18. There are a plurality of rows of keys 12, and each row of keys is associated with a selecting element 18, so that by depression of a key, the corresponding selecting element is moved to a position corres onding with the value of the depressed key. ach selecting element 18 is provided with an arcuate locking rack 21 which is engaged by a suitable locking deviceto hold the selecting elements in fixed pos1t1on, during the rotation of the actuator.

The keys 12 are normally held in elevated position by the springs 23. The key stems 13 extend through apertures in the fixed plate 24 and the slide 25 which is normally held 'in forward position by the spring 26. Each key stem 13 is provided on its rear face with a cam or inclined projection 27 which, when the key is depressed, causes backward movement of the slide 25 and which engages the under surface of the slide to hold the key 1n depressed position. It is apparent therefore that as a key 12 is depressed, the slide is first moved backward by the projection 27 and, when the projection has passed the slide, the slide again springs forward, serving to retain the key in depressed'position. To release the depressed keys, it is necessary to move the slide backward.

Under many circumstances, it is desirable to be able to release the depressed keys, and for this reason, a clearance key 32 (Fig. 2) is provided. The clearance key 32 is connected to a lever 33 which is in turn connected to the spring loaded slide 34, which at its rear end bears against the pivoted gate 35. Each slide 25 is provided at its rear end with an upturned ear 36 which lies directly behind the gate 35 so that by depression of the clearance key 32, the gate 35 is swung backward, moving all of the slides 25 backward, and thereby releasing the depressed keys.

It is desirable in certain calculations, to prevent the release of the depressed keys and in all calculations, it is desirable to prevent the release of the depressed keys during the time that the operating mechanism is out of full cycle position. It is also desirable, to preventthe depression of a key during the time that the operating mechanism is out of full cycle-position, so that errors may not be introduced into the machine. For this purpose, means are provided for preventing the backward movement of the slides 25, during the time that the operating mechanism is out of full cycle position and while the machine is set to perform problems in multiplication and division. Means are provided for locking the selecting elements in adjusted position, during the time that the operating mechanism is out of full cycle position and this means is effective during the performance of any problem, the means for directly locking the keys being added as a safeguard when problems in multiplication and division are being performed.

Eafih slide 25 is provided at its forward end, with a downwardly ext-ending projection 42v and these projections cooperate with a locking member to prevent backward movement of the slides. Each key section or row of keys is constructed as a unit and, at the forward end of each unit there is provided a wing 43 to which the lever 15 is pivoted. Directly below the slide 25, each wing is provided with a notch or recess 44 and, seated in the recesses and'lying directly below the slides 25, is a rocking plate 45 which extends across the machine and is common to all of the key sections. The rocking plate 45 (Fig. 6) is provided with a notch 46 which straddles one of the wings 43, thereby holding the rocking plate in position against movement transversely of the machine. The rocking plate is held in the notches in the wings by the spring 47 secured to one end of the plate and the spring 48 (Fig. 3) which is secured to the post 49 depending from the other end of the plate. The springs 47 and 48 extend 'backwardly from the rocking plate, thereby holding the plate in the notches 44. Normally, the plate lies in the positions shown in Figures 3 and 5, out ofthe path of the projections 42, so that the slides 25 may be readi- 1yl moved and means are provided for rocking t e plate, to move it into the path of the projections 42, thereby preventing backward movement of the slides and consequently locking the keys against movement. At the end adjacent the post 49, the rocking plate is; provided with an upturned ear 52 which carries a projecting pin 53. Means are provided for engaging t 1is pin to move it backward, thereby rocking the plate to bring it into the path of the projections 42. 1

The machine is provided with a setting key 55 (Figs. 3 and 4), which when elevated, po-

sitions the mechanism for performing problems in multiplication and division and which when depressed, positions the mechanism for performing problems in' addition and subtraction. ,The stem 56 of the key is provided with a' notch 57 which engages the top plate 58 of the keyboard to hold the key in depressed position. The key is urged projecting from the pitman 65 which is connected to the operating mechanism, so that it makes one complete oscillation for each ro-. tation of the actuator. The pitman 65 is provided at its forward end with a hook 66 in position.

which is, arranged in cooperative relation with the gate 35. When the key 55 is depressed, the rear end of the lever 62 is elevated, moving the hook 66 into the path of the gate so that at each rotation of the actuator, the gate isswung and the'keyboard is cleared. When the key 55 is in its elevated position, the path of the hook 66 is below the gate, so that the keyboard is not automatically cleared during the first cycle of operation of the machine.

Means are provided, which are operative when the machine is set for multiplication or division, for causing the initial movement of the operating mechanism from full cycle position, to rock the plate 45 into the path of the projections 42, thereby locking the keys Secured to the driving shaft of the machine is a cam member 72 preferably comprising a circular member'having a flat ortion 73 which, when the hand crank 74 is in neutral or full cycle position, is engaged by the intermediate lever 75. Movement of the hand crank in either direction from full cycle position, will cause the immediate de pression of the lever 75. Bearing against the under side of the lever 75 is apin 76 projecting laterally from the arm 77 which is secured to the shaft 78. Secured to the shaft 78 (Figs. 3 and 4) is an arm 81 to which is pivoted a link 82 which is formed in two sections, slidable with respect to each other and normally held in contracted position bythe spring 83. This yielding connection, permits movement of the arm 81, even though the forward or free end of the link 82 is held against movement, thereby preventing jamming of the machine, in the event that the forward end of the link is held a ainst movement. Adjacent its forward ea the link 82 is provided with an inclined sl t 84 into which the pin 61 of the setting key 55, extends. At its forward end, the link '82 is provided with a hook 85, whicliprovides a notch 86 in which the pin 53 is disposed, when the key 55 is in its elevated position. Whenthe key pin 53, as shown in Figure 4, so that the means for positively locking the keys is disabled. When the key 55 is in elevated position, the pin 53-is in substantial alinement with the inclined slot 84, so that upon backward movement of the link 82, due to the initial movement of the operating mechanism from full cycle position, the pin 53 is moved backwardly and upwardly, thus rocking the plate 45, and moving it into position behind the projections 42 on the slide 25.

Means are also provided for locking the selecting elements in adjusted position, upon theinitial movement of the actuating mechanism from .full cycle position when the machine'is set to perform problems in multiplication and division. The selecting elements are always looked in position during the time that the ordinal registration membersare in engagement with the numeral wheels of the counting mechanism but the present means provides mechanism for locking the selecting elements sooner than they would otherwise be locked. The locking meanscomprises a toothed lever 91 secured to the shaft 92 (Fig.

5) to which shaft there is also secured a lever 93 which cooperates with a cam 94 secured to the actuator shaft. When the actuator is'in 5 full cycle position, the lever 93 engages the low surface of the cam and as the actuator rotates, in either direction, the lever rides up onto the high face of the cam 94, moving the locking lever 91 into engagement with the teeth of the rack '21. The cam 94, however,

permits considerable rotation of the actuator 1 before the locking means is brought into engagement and the present invention contemplates the immediate locking of the selecting members upon the initial movement of the operating mechanism from full cycle position. This is accomplished by mechanism which will now be described.

Secured to the shaft 92 is an arm 95 which is connected by means of the link 96 with the gate 97, so that backward movement of I the gate will result in movement of the locking levers 91 into engagement with their associated selecting elements. Secured to the gate 97 (Figs. 3 and 4) isan arm 98 carry ing a laterally extending pin 99. Pivoted to the arm 816 and connected to the lever 62 is an arm 102 which is provided on its rear end with a seat 103 which is adapted to engage the pin 99. The arm 102 is provided with an elongated slot 104 in which is disposed a pin 105 secured to-the lever 62 so that the arm 102 is raised and lowered as the rear end of .the' lever 62 is raised and lowered.

Therefore, when the key 55 is in elevated position, the seat 103 is lowered into engagement with the pin 99 as shown inFigure 3 and, when the key 55 is depressed, the seat' 103 in the arm 102 is raised above the plane of ,ciated selecting element, depression of a key ating mechanism from neutral or full cycle.

position and are held locked until the mechanism returns to full cycle position. The keys are also positively locked in position, during the time that the operating mechanism is out of full cycle position, so that it is not possible to inadvertently depress a key.

In the event that the operative mechanism is moved from full cycle position, with the machine set to perform multiplication, during the time that a key 12 is only partly depressed, the rocking plate 45 would not be able to rock upward, due to the fact that a projection 42 would be in position above the:

plate. To prevent jamming of the machine in the event of this occurrence, the spring 83 is interposed in the link 82, thereby permitting the operation of the machine without 1H]l1I'y. V

The spring 48 which is connected at forward end to the post 49, is connected at its rearward end to the arm 81, thereby normally holding the arm in its forward position, and holding the arm 77 in its elevated position,

I claim:

1. In a calculating machine, a rotary actuator including a plurality of adjustable selectin elements, a plurality of rows of depressi le keys, a key bar associated with each row of keys and associated with the assoserving to position an associated selecting element,'a movable member associated with each row of keys arranged to be moved'by depression of a key in the row an operating member and means actuated by the initial movement of the actuator for locking said keys and locking said selecting elements against movement.

2. In a calculating machine, an actuator including a plurality of adjustable selecting elements, a plurality of rows of depressible keys, a linkage associated with each bank of keys and the corresponding selecting element, depression of a key in a row serving to position an associated selecting element,

' an operating device, and means opeerative'by the initial movement of the operating device for locking the keys and locking the selecting elements against movement.

3. In a calculating machine, an actuator including -a plurality of adjustable selecting elements, a plurality of rows of depressible keys, a lever s stem associated with each rowlof keys an the corresponding selecting element, depression of a key-serving to position an associated selecting element, a movable member associated with each row of keys arrangedto be moved by the depression of a key in the row, locking means movable into engagement with said members to prevent movement' thereof, locking means m0vable into engagement with said selecting elements to prevent movement thereof, an operating member and means actuated by the initial movement of said operating member for moving both of said locking means into locking position.

4. In a calculating machine, operating mechanism normally at rest in full cycle position, a plurality of rows of depressible key stems for introducing values into the machine, aslide associated with each row of key stems and arranged to engage the depressed key stems and hold said key stems depressed, a projection on each slide, a freely supported,.rockable locking plate and means operative in time with the initial movement of the operating mechanism from full cycle position for moving the locking plate into engagement with the plurality of projections.

5. In a calculating machine, a rotary actu ator including a plurality of adjustable selecting elements, a row of depressible key stems associated with each selecting element,

linkage connecting the row of key stems with the associated selecting element, a latch member associated with each row of key stems a lock member arranged to directly engage t e latch member, a lock member arranged to directly engage the selecting element and means actuated in time with the initial movement of the actuator for moving both of said lock members into engagement with associated parts.

6. In a calculating machine, a plurality of banks of settable keys, means individual to each of said banks for positively retaining 8. In a calculating machine, a plurality of settable keys, means for latching said ke s in set position, means for locking said late ing means, means for automatically releasing said latching means, and a member operable to 1 disable said locking means and enable said automatic releasing means.

9. In a calculating machine, a support, an element movable with respect thereto, and a lock comprising a member having opposite edges, one of said edges being in rockable contact with said support and the other movable into and out of blocking relation with said element.

10. In a calculating machine, a support, an element movable with respect thereto, and a lock comprising a member having an edge in free contact with said support and an edge movable into and out of blocking relation with said element.

11. In a calculating machine, a plurality of shiftable elements, a freely supported plate having opposite edges, and means for preventing operation of said elements comprising means for rocking said plate about an axis coincident with one edge thereof to bring the opposite edge into the path of movement of said elements.

12. In a calculating machine, the combination of a support, a shiftable element, a latch plate resting freely on the support and having opposite edges, and means for moving one of said edges of the plate into and out of the path of movement of the shiftable element by rocking the plate on an axis coincident with the opposite edge.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set in hand.

y CARL M. F. FRIDEN. 

